公務人員退休制度改革之研究;Study of Retirement System Reform of Civil Servants

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Title:	公務人員退休制度改革之研究;Study of Retirement System Reform of Civil Servants
Authors:	張建海;CHANG, JIAN-HAI
Contributors:	財經法律學系碩士在職專班
Keywords:	退休制度;溯及既往;法治國;信賴保護原則;平等原則;比例原則;Retirement system;Retrospective;Rule of law;Principle of legitimate expectation;Principle of equality;Principle of proportionality
Date:	2017
Issue Date:	2019-07-17 10:56:56 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	財經法律學系碩士在職專班
Abstract:	公務員是國家穩定的基石，有優秀的公務人員服務於各階層，國家根基方得以鞏固。公務員奉公守法、劬勞一生，當其年老退休時，國家原應給與法定之退休給與，使其安享晚年，樂活餘生。然當政府以世代不平、轉型正義等名義實施所謂年金改革，大幅減少退休給與，並溯及已退休之垂垂老者，退休公務員又當如何以自處？本文擬從法制面探討，希經由法理論證，探求改革方案之合憲性，並保障已退休人員財產權，以確保老年經濟生活之安全。　　隨著社會環境的變遷，法規亦會隨著社會脈動而更迭，然在新舊法規銜接之際，立法者猶應注意具備信賴利益人民之信賴保護。信賴保護所保護者，不唯獨是人民之信賴利益，更重要者是人民對國家法治之信心。法治國原則下，不僅人民須遵行法律，國家之執法者與立法者，同受法治原則之拘束，不應悖離法治與法制精神，否則人民將不知何以適法，國家更會因之而動盪不安。　　國家基於整體財政考量雖可決定給付公務員薪酬多寡，但現行退休給與之來源已非單純之國家給付，而是公務員每月所繳退儲金及政府所提撥之遞延薪資積累而成，縱因政府對基金操作收益未如預期，亦不可單方修法以變更減少退休給付。政府以年金改革之名，行減損軍公教退休給付之實，以政治手段高調導向階級對立、世代衝突，讓各界無法理性溝通，更難以達成共識，導致社會動盪，公務員惶惶不安。當國家因公益目的之必要，雖得修改法令，但仍應兼顧信賴保護原則，如遭致人民之財產損害，應給予相當之補償或採取其他補救措施，方符憲法對人民財產權保障之意旨　　Excellent civil servants are as the cornerstone of national stability. Civil servants abide by the law and dedicate themselves the whole life until retired. Government should provide a statutory pension spend the rest of his life. When the government raises up the name of intergenerational justice and transformation of justice as the name of the implementation of the so-called annuity reform to substantial reduction in the pension from retired civil servants, thus self-help seem to be as a critical issue. Base on the legal argument to explore the constitutionality of the reform program, this paper trying to figure out how to protect the property rights of retirees to ensure a better solution to safety their economic while get retired.　　Regulation is changing like as the fluctuation of social environment. Transition from old to new laws, the legitimate protection is deserved as an expectation from people to regain civil confidence. The rule of law, not only the people comply with the law, the law enforcements and legislators should all bind by the principle and the spirit of the rule of law. Civil turbulent will be occurred if people don’t know how to follow the low. 　　Not as to the government financial considerations, current servants’ pension had not been paid by the government, but from the payment. Currently, even now, the financial interests have not met the objective of the government. The law of the relative pension regulations should not be modified. Rising up as an annuity reform, the actual reduction of pensions has cause antagonism. Under a restrictive communication, a consensus will never exit. In order to regain the principle of trust protection and meet the purposes of public interest, law modulation, such as compensation amendment of people’s property damage Act should closely with the constitution.
Appears in Collections:	[財經法律系研究所] 學位論文

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