漢語議論文篇章中段序與分段現象之修辭結構理論分析;Paragraphing Patterns and Rhetorical Structure Theory:The Case of Argumentative Articles in Mandarin Chinese

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题名:	漢語議論文篇章中段序與分段現象之修辭結構理論分析;Paragraphing Patterns and Rhetorical Structure Theory:The Case of Argumentative Articles in Mandarin Chinese
作者:	林羲謙;Lin, Xi-Qian
贡献者:	語言學研究所
关键词:	議論文;起承轉合;修辭結構理論;段間關係;段落;篇章分析;Qi-cheng-zhuan-he;Argumentative;Rhetorical Structure Theory;Discourse analysis;Paragraph;Paragraphs relation
日期:	2017
上传时间:	2019-07-17
出版者:	語言學研究所
摘要:	此篇論文以Mann and Thompson （1988）的修辭結構理論（Rhetorical Structure Theory）分析漢語報章社論裡之議論文的段間關係以發現分段與段序現象。以往對於段落的研究文獻例如Christensen（1965）、Tsao（1981）、甚至大家最熟悉的起承轉合「此處引用文章段落寫作之教學書籍楊嘉敏（2012）為例」，大都無法清楚描繪出段落該如何分段以及段落間該如何銜接之架構：雖然在Tsao（1981）的研究中提出的話題鏈（Topic Chain）與Mo（1991）將句子功能分佈觀概念（Functional Sentence Perspective theory）套用在漢語句詞分段上能解釋部份分段現象，但仍然無法解釋文章裡段落之分段位置與段落排序問題，甚至鮮少文章之段落結構符合我們熟知的「起承轉合」；然而，段落是構成文章之重要單位，卻因為這個篇章單位沒有明確的「文法性」，段落一直以來都是篇章分析中的大哉問，故此次研究主要嘗試以修辭結構理論分析段落與段落間的關聯性來探討發現段落劃分以及段落排序的相關現象。此研究透過修辭結構理論對於段落之間關係做定性分析以探究段落現象，分析主要著重於兩大層面，段落順序與段落劃分：關於段序的修辭結構分析方法，是將文章中段落的排列順序隨機調換，例如將第一段與第三段交換，測試文章中段落與段落間的修辭結構是否將不再合理，進而導致整篇文章不通順，同時探究是否有特殊的段落現象發生；關於段落劃分，是將原本篇章之分段位置提前或延後，也就是將段末句調至後段或段首句調至前段，進而檢視其中影響篇章段落修辭結構之合理性與現象。研究至終，於段間修辭結構與段落劃分的分析中出現幾個現象，如：首段的主旨與文章標題構成修辭結構關係、關係核心限定主題延伸現象，以及因為關係核心限定主題延伸現象所造成的段群關係合成順序判斷、文末段落立場敘述等。最後綜合此次研究成果，建議未來研究方向如：跨篇章單位修辭關係、其他文體之段落現象等。 The purpose of this study is to investigate the phenomena of paragraphing and paragraphs ordering in argumentative articles in Mandarin Chinese, by Rhetorical Structure Theory of Mann and Thompson (1988). Most of previous literatures or theories regarding paragraphs such as Christensen (1965), Tsao (1981) or even the most popular paragraphing idea in Mandarin writing, qi-cheng-zhuan-he‘initiation-continuing-transition-conclusion,’ are unable to describe the coherence among the paragraphs order or a pattern of paragraphing phenomenon. For example, Although Tsao (1981) suggested an idea “Topic Chain” and Mo (1991) improve that idea with Funtional Sentence Perspective theory to explain some paragraphing phenomena, the paragraphs order and paragraphing location. And also, qi-cheng-zhuan-he undergeneralizes. However, the paragraph is the significant unit for article structure, but little is known about that because there is no grammar of paragraphs. Thus, the intention of this paper is to survey the phenomena of paragraphing through the relations among paragraphs by Rhetorical Structure Theory.This thesis, as qualitative analysis, examines the relations between paragraphs to discover phenomena in paragraphs, focusing on two perspectives: paragraph order, and breaking. To check paragraph order, one of paragraphs will be changed by a another paragraph in order, and then the relation of those changed paragraphs will be inspected; to check paragraph breaking, is to delay or shift to an early break, that is, the first sentence of a paragraph will be moved to previous paragraph or the final sentence will be moved to the following paragraph, for observation of phenomena. The results of the study are that several phenomena were found: The Background relation of Topic and First Paragraph, The Limited Continuity of Relation Nuclear and Paragraph Main Idea, The Final Paragraph of Statement, etc. Finally, based on these results, such future development will be offered as: “Supraunit” Rhetorical Analysis (analysis of relations cross discourse unit), paragraph phenomena in other genre, etc.
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