全英語授課的挑戰與機會;The Challenges and Opportunities of English as a Medium of Instruction

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题名:	全英語授課的挑戰與機會;The Challenges and Opportunities of English as a Medium of Instruction
作者:	胡文俞;HU, WEN-YU
贡献者:	語言學研究所
关键词:	全英語授課;高等教育;英語教學法;English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI);tertiary education;English teaching method
日期:	2017
上传时间:	2019-07-17
出版者:	語言學研究所
摘要:	全英語授課(English as a Medium of Instruction)是近年來多所學校致力發展的課程導向之一，起因於教育部開始宣導的「教育部補助大專院校精進全英語學位學制班別計畫」，而此計畫的目的在於鼓勵大專院校推動全英語學位學程、全英語授課園區、國際學院、國際學程、國際學生專班及其他學制班別計畫，目的為打造一處全英語的授課情境給眾多嚮往於不同語言環境學習的學習者，藉由身歷其境的實感進而使學習者融入其中並鼓勵參與者能夠自然的以英語為通用語(English as a lingua franca)與周遭的同儕、師長進行交流對話。本研究主要致力於探討現今已成為教育界導向之一的全英語授課實際在教學方面對授課者及參與課堂指導的學習者影響何在，因此於研究設計上針對在全英語授課上富有教學經驗的16位授課者進行深度訪談藉此得知這項教學目標對學習者的利弊處抑或授課者能朝向何種方向做出調整使這項教學系統推動更為完善。故研究目標如下：1.探討不同院系的授課者針對全英語授課所反映出的態度2.分析各方授課者面臨形形色色的學習者所採取的應對措施3.思索全英語授課背後所隱含的益處與不完善之處藉由訪談分析共歸納出三項主題予以討論，分別為授課者對全英語授課的態度、授課者所擇取的教學策略以及全英語授課背後的利弊得失。而此次研究結果顯現：1.學習者在面臨己身的英語能力低落便缺乏勇氣修習課程，同時於公開場合怯於表達英語口說能力也致使學習者對全英語授課缺乏意願。在修課興趣方面則會優先考慮與自身專業領域相關的範疇，倘若有所關聯，則無論英語能力好壞仍會義無反顧的修習相關課程。2.外籍學生的課堂參與對台灣的學習者所造成的正面影響不容小覷。3.授課者的教導方式為生動活潑且融入日常生活，並同時傾注適當的鼓勵與教學熱忱皆會直接導致學習者願意修課的意願提高。4.課程內容須提綱挈領，且同時以紙本文獻及電子資源雙重輔助，必要時也可佐以線上教學平台供學習者在授課觀念上更為清晰與條理化。5.學習者於自身專精領域在第一語言及第二語言上的擇取不僅需仰賴授課者於課堂中的語碼挑選，專業知識將來是否與國際接軌以及課程屬性也需一同思慮在內。諸如未來就職產業勢必迎向全球市場的科技業與金融產業。而課程屬性則視在職時面臨的環境如以英語為主，例如外商公司等，以國家考試為衡量目標的學習者則需以第一語言為大宗。6.授課者自身所屬院系會連帶牽動著課程產生不同的授課理念：理工學院、管理學院與法學院的授課者在教學過程中傾向傳達專業知識為首要思索因子；文學院與社科學院的授課者以前者為基礎，同時並重培養批判思考的學習者；教育學院的授課者則會額外注重學習者於多元文化的養成。 English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) is one of the primary goals that numerous universities and colleges devoted in expanding in recent years. The Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan has already advocated an educational project, called “subsidies of universities and colleges for developing English as a Medium of Instruction degree’s program. In addition to encouraging various universities and colleges to promote English-only degree’s program, EMI courses, International colleges, International degree’s program, and International students’ professional classes, there is a major purpose to construct an EMI surrounding for the learners to pursue and look forward to a multicultural environment. Through blending in with English as a lingua franca environment, learners can have a better conversation with peers and instructors naturally. This research aimed at exploring the educational issue- English as a Medium of Instruction and endeavoring to search what is the impact on instructors and learners in Taiwan tertiary education. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 experienced instructors to comprehend whether the educational achievement is good or not for the learners and the instructors and which educational direction in EMI can lead to a better and more complete educational system.The purposes of this research are as follows:1.What attitudes did instructors demonstrate from various colleges on EMI?2.What strategies did instructors adopt to deal with every single learner from different department?3.What benefits and drawbacks of EMI could transfer to the learners?The findings generalize three topics to deliberate as follows: (1) the learners’ attitudes toward English as a Medium of Instruction, (2) the teaching tactics from instructors, and (3) the merits and disadvantages on English as a Medium of Instruction. The main findings of this research are summarized as follows:1.The learners did not take EMI if their proficiency of English was not high enough. Unless the course was related to their professional field, most of learners were too shy to speak English in public and thus were unwilling to take EMI courses.2.If there were international students taking part in EMI courses, it would have a positive impact on local students.3.If the teaching methods were creative and energetic and if the instructors were passionate and encouraging, the learners would be more willing to take EMI courses.4.The teaching material of EMI should contain main points and make learners easy to comprehend the meaning of textbooks. Besides, the instructors can supply handouts and electronic resources to assist the teaching process. E-learning platform can be beneficial if used properly.5.The instructors had to use their discretion to exploit code-switching in delivery of courses to meet the needs of the different disciplines. EMI is crucial in technology and finance as they are oriented towards global markets.6.The various colleges of instructors had different teaching orientations. For example, the college of sciences, engineering, and law would aim at how to transfer professional knowledge to their learners. The colleges of humanities and social sciences would cultivate critical thinking. The college of education was concerned about cultural diversification.
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