經濟發展對中國民主化之影響;The Impact of Economic Developments to The Democratization of China

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Title:	經濟發展對中國民主化之影響;The Impact of Economic Developments to The Democratization of China
Authors:	侯俊佑;Hou, Chun-Yu
Contributors:	戰略暨國際事務研究所
Keywords:	經濟與民主;中國式民主;中國民主化;Economy and democracy;Chinese democratization;Democratization of China
Date:	2018
Issue Date:	2019-05-23 13:35:39 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	戰略暨國際事務研究所
Abstract:	1980年代前期的台灣與1953年到1996年的南韓，兩者皆是在經濟快速成長的背景下歷經民主化的過程，並逐步成為了民主國家。這樣的現象不僅出現在亞洲，民主化浪潮下的東歐、非洲等地也有諸多類似的案例。因而，經濟與民主是否存在相關性或如何交互影響的過程成為學界爭論不斷的課題。然而，中國顯然是個「例外」，自1978年經濟改革之後，雖然在2010年正式超越日本，成為世界第二大的經濟體，但中國非但稱不上是民主國家，反而更加集權，讓學界跌破眼鏡。過去文獻指出，經濟增長快速致使民主化的肇因是，社會裡大量的中產階級希望獲取利益，並且希望政府不要干涉其獲取利益的途徑，由於自利想法不斷擴大，要求民主政治的聲音因此誕生。端看中國在一系列的經濟計畫實踐中，社會亦曾發生大規模要求民主的「六四天安門」事件，政府也開始在中國境內實施民主試驗的相關政策，不禁讓人疑惑，中國是否正在民主化的道路上？本文指出中國並沒有因為經濟成長而出現民主化現象，「六四天安門」是一大關鍵，加上後續第三波民主化浪潮以及蘇聯解體等事件，都提醒著中共政府，必須更加謹慎地思考如何維持經濟崛起後的社會穩定，其應對方法是，推出所謂「具有中國特色的民主政策」，用以維持社會的穩定和合理化中共的威權體制，並滿足工農階級的民主要求，同時拉攏中產階級與知識份子，藉此防範任何出現中國民主化現象的可能性，即使後續出現零星的民主化事件也不足為懼，只須以高壓手段壓制少數異議人士。 In case of Taiwan in early 1980s and South Korea from 1953 to 1996, both are generally altered to democratic countries under circumstance of rapid growth of economy. This sort of phenomena appeared not only in Asia, but also in East Europe in democracy waves and Africa. Therefore, it becomes severe issue among scholars that if there is relation between economy and democracy or the process of how they affect each other. However, it is obviously that China is an “exception”. In spite of being second largest economy system overpassing Japan in 2010 by economy reformation since 1978, China is not a democracy country and otherwise more authoritarian, which strongly surprised scholars.The papers in the past shows that the reason of democratizing caused by rapid growth of economy is that there is a great part of middle class in the society who wish to obtain the advantages and keep governments from this obtaining process. The voice of democratic politics was born under the growing of selfishness. In the process of implanting economic project, there happened the massive democratic asking which is known as Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, which resulted in the democratic experiment strategy inside China. There exists a doubt that if China do stay on the way of democratizing.This paper points out that the crucial reason why China is lack of democratizing after economic growth is the Tiananmen Square protests. Furthermore, events like the third wave of democratizing and the Dissolution of the Soviet Union reminds China government that one should consider cautiously about how to maintain the social stability after economic growth. The correspondent solution is to announce the “Chinese democratic policy”, which aims to maintain social stability and rationalize China authoritarian system. Meanwhile, upon satisfying the democracy asking from working class, it prevents any possibility of Chinese democratizing protests. The high pressure method is efficiently applied on few dissidents to suppress even there are democracy protests appear afterward.
Appears in Collections:	[戰略暨國際事務研究所] 學位論文

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